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"%6><< &?2 3*(0O$5b8*B$Q0`*~B$$XfSZX ~$B$>!qpK16lꗩ  $B$qX1 YTP{B$OQރh\VYŪwE`B$ bd>2 &B$"fVC~>Ĵ,$c $P333ffff@g4dddd|4[@ppp@  <4dddd-x-<4!d!d-x-g4PdPd|4[p] poph___PPT2001D<4X? %O =6&g Self-Determination Theory and the Study of Basic Psychological Needs Across Domains, Time and Cultureshg( h YRichard M. Ryan Professor of Psychology, Psychiatry and Education University of Rochester*ZI Z S Collaborators"    Paul P. Baard Fordam University Kirk Warren Brown University of Rochester Valery I. Chirkov University of Saskatchewan James P. Connell IRRE. Edward L. Deci University of Rochester Christina Frederick-Recascino Emry-Riddle Aeronautical University Marylne Gagn Concordia University, Montreal Wendy S. Grolnick Clark University Ulas Kaplan Harvard University Tim Kasser Knox College"" Pb     !   J  3  Daryl Minicucci Univ. of Rochester School of Nursing Robert Plant Riverview Children s Hospital Johnmarshall Reeve University of Iowa Harry T. Reis University of Rochester Kennon M. Sheldon University of Columbia-Missouri Tatiana Strabakhina Novgorod State University, Russia Robert J. Vallerand University of Quebec, Montreal T. Cameron Wild University of Alberta Geoffrey C. Williams Univ. of Rochester Medical Ctr. Rongshuang Yan Shandong Teacher s University, China"" P  N   A  4        % N0Basic Psychological Needs vs. Motives or Desires10     *Need satisfaction essential for growth, integrity, well being Motives or Desires, even when fulfilled, may not facilitate wellness Needs as Objective vs. Desires as Subjective contributors to wellness Functional criteria Universality of Needs vs. cultural relativism of desires, motives, values ?E3+4?E3+36  [  3 ?0GBasic Psychological Needs Underlying Optimal Motivation and Well Being  HG(( H IASelf-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000; Ryan & Deci, 2000) *B' B    >O$Basic needs and psychological growth % (e.g., intrinsic motivation)  @Factors Associated with the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation"A@$( A /  .Conditions that Facilitate Intrinsic Motivation Autonomy-Relevant Absence of Pressure Goal Choice Strategy Choice Task Involvement Promotion of Task Interest or Value Competence-Relevant Optimal Challenge Pos. Feedback Informational Rewards Relatedness-Relevant Empathy Warmth Security of Attachment1ZZfZZ7ZZ&Z0 f7    %   \  Conditions that Undermine Intrinsic Motivation Autonomy-Relevant Pressure toward Specific Outcome punishment contingencies Goal Imposition deadlines controlling rewards ego-involvement surveillance, public self-cs. Competence-Relevant Non-Optimal Challenges Negative Feedback Relatedness-Relevant  Cold Interactions Lack of Positive Involvement 0ZZZZ)ZZ1ZZ/)    0          WFree-Choice Behavior(  V<Correlations between Teachers Orientation Toward Autonomy-Support versus Control and Children s Fall and Spring Intrinsic Motivation and Perceived Competence  P integrity  2(congruence or integration of regulations, values) 3 -7  -ICorrelations Among ASRQ Subscales for 3 Diverse Elementary School SamplesJJ$ J .ECorrelations Among Autonomy Subscales in Japanese Elementary Students"FE( F _jMultiple Regressions of Engagement Actions & Emotions by Stanford Achievement Test (SAT) & Autonomy Scoreskk k `SMultiple Regressions of Grades on Stanford Achievement Test (SAT) & Autonomy ScoresTT T aUSimplex Correlations Between Motivational Styles and Their Relations with PersistenceVV" V J_Religious Orientation with Mental Health and Self-Esteem Outcomes in a Protestant Church Sample``  `  ]#Motivation for Medication Adherence$$ $  ^2  3_Within-Sample Regressions of Well-Being Composite onto Relative Autonomy for Cultural Practices `_( ` bcCorrelations between Goal Autonomy, Goal Progress, and Well-being in South Korean and U.S. Samples."dc d YFactors Associated with the Integration of Extrinsically Motivated Regulations and Values"ZY  Z ;Estimated Latent Constructs Means and Variances for U.S. (N=116) and Russian (N=120) High School Samples&ji j <Correlations Between Parent and Teacher Autonomy Support (A-S) and Academic Self-Regulation in U. S. (n = 116) and Russian (n = 120) High School Students  =Correlations Between Parent and Teacher Autonomy Support and Well-Being in U. S. (n = 116) and Russian (n = 120) High School Students"  Q Well-being  3psychological well being; eudaimonic versus hedonic     4Basic Psychological Needs Underlying and Well Being  54(( 5 ,RQWithin Country Correlations of Basic Need Satisfaction with Subjective Well-being RQ$ R YwParameter Estimates of LISREL Path Analysis of the Intrinsic-Need-Satisfaction Model of Work Performance and Adjustmentxx& x 1  7Aspiration Index Sample Items*    Extrinsic Aspirations Financial Success I will be a very wealthy person. I will have many expensive possessions. I will be financially successful. Fame (Social Recognition) My name will be known by many people. I will be admired by many people. I will be famous. Physical Attractiveness (Image) I will successfully hide the signs of aging. I will have people comment often about how attractive I look. I will keep up with fashions in hair and clothing. ZZkZZZZ ZZkZ    Intrinsic Aspirations Meaningful Relationships I will have good friends I can count on. I will share my life with those I love. I will have committed, intimate relationships. Community Contributions I will work for the betterment of society. I will assist people who need it. I will work to make the world a better place. Physical Health I will be physically healthy. I will feel good about my level of physical fitness. I will keep myself healthy and well Personal Growth I will continue to grow and learn new things. At the end of my life, I will look back on my life as meaningful and complete. I will choose what I do, instead of being pushed along by life. RZZZZ{ZZwZZZZ{w      @THigher Order Factor Analyses of Aspiration Importance Ratings Urban Adults (N=100).U@$$ U eKrRelations of Relative Intrinsic and Extrinsic Goal Importance to Well-Being Variables Among Urban Adults (N = 100)$sh  s GFLatent Mean-Level Differences for Intrinsic and Extrinsic Goal RatingsGG$ G MeConstrained Correlations of Relative Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Goal Importance with Well-Being Outcomesff /  5 LeConstrained Correlations of Relative Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Goal Importance with Well-Being Outcomesff /  5 DAB5Predicting Daily Well-Being from Day-level Predictors$65 6  Z'Between Person and Within Person Levels"('(( ( 9Predicting Subjective Well-being and Relationship Functioning from Need Satisfaction and Autonomy Support within Relationships in China, Russia, and the United States&  c \Relations Between Satisfaction of both Autonomy and Competence Needs and Attachment Security Specific to each Relationship (Study 2)   6C5www.selfdeterminationtheory.org" ($      d/ P[(sx,, g(HH(d`   ` ̙33` ` ff3333f` 333MMM` f` f` 3>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> 7/(    6 P {P V Click to edit Master title style! !   0  {P RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S   0 `` {P Y*    0T `  {P [*    0 `  {P [*  T  <ffd޽h ? ̙33 $Blank Presentation  p( 0909P   0 P   {P i* "      0D    {P k*""    d  c $ ?0P  {P  0  @ {P RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S   6 P  {P i* "      6d   {P k*""    H  0whm  ? ̙33D  L(  L L 0 P   {P Y*    L 0$    {P [*    L 6 P  {P Y*    L 6   {P [*   H L 0whm  ? 33 0t(  tl t C 4 p {P l t C T `   {P H t 0޽h ? ̙33  aY@X( '('  Xr X S   `  {P  X S  {P "  @r X S t {P % X 0t    D/<4___PPT9 y 2" Z    @ X 0@ Youngmee Kim American Cancer Society Ahyoung Kim Ewha University, S. Korea Richard Koestner McGill Univ., Montreal Andreas Krapp University of Bundeswehr, Germany Jennifer G. La Guardia University of Waterloo Chantal Squin Levesque Southwest Missouri State University Todd D. Little University of Kansas Martin F. Lynch University of Rochester Holly McGregor University of Rochester`0" P.0" F0" P'0" F     (        k   H X 0޽h ? 33  P@(  @l @ C >P  {P l @ C > {P H @ 0޽h ? ̙33 bZ ( @ p   0T  ZWell being requires distinguishing: between those desires that are only subjectively felt and whose satisfaction leads to momentary pleasure, and those needs rooted in human nature and whose realization is conducive to human growth and produces eudiamonia& . In other words& the distinction between purely subjectively felt needs and objectively valid needs--part of the former being harmful to human growth and the latter being in accordance with the requirements of human nature Fromm, 1981, p.xxvi 26      H  0޽h ? ̙33H  ` H( @ p x  c $=}  {P X2  0P@ X2  0PX2  0P` X2  0 PRB  s *D @ RB  s *D RB   s *D0   0t=   {+Optimal Motivation, Integration, Well-Being",(2+  ,    0<P NAutonomy (2      0; p  P Competence (2      04;@p: Q Relatedness (2   H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.} tɞ   { s p ( @ p x  c $:P  {P   S t:PPpp<$ | z w  w,$D  <97W,$D JAutonomy     <T9 0 P,$D P   v  <8 w,$D Behavior in accord with one s own interests and values; self-endorsedGG G z g m   g m ,$D   <48 9 ,$D L Competence      <7 ,$D T$  h   <t7 g m ,$D  hSense of mastery and effectance on one s environment55     z      ,$D   <6W w,$D  M Relatedness     <T6 P p,$D  P   *  <5 ,$D  @Feeling cared for, connected to, sense of belonging with othersAA A H  0޽h ? 33ff̙  K( @ p   05`  Y Autonomy versus Independence Autonomy versus Individualism Autonomy versus Relatedness,Z " 2 Y  Z H  0޽h ? ̙33 D(  Dl D C T3p {P l D C 4 `   {P H D 0޽h ? ̙33*  4*( Ԧ0 4X2 4 0  ~ 4 s *}P  {P X2 4 0P  R 4 s *PP   4 0đ}p@ hIntrinsic Motivation&(2    4 0}@0  y'Autonomy (supports for volition, IPLOC)$((2  (  4 0}  g 1Competence (Optimal Challenge; Positive Feedback)02(2 ' 2 X2  4 0   4 0}0  $Relatedness (Security of Attachment)0%(2  % RB  4 s *DP RB  4 s *D 0 P RB  4 s *D  RB 4 s *DP P P H 4 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.}U  :( @ p   S d} P {P z  C Ĕ} p P {P H  0޽h ? 33   lL( @ p lx l c $}  {P  l0 HA !?0~u ! H l 0޽h ? ̙33[&   &&;;h%( @ p hx h c $}Pp  {P $F  h PPpN h <D}?P _.05   @` h <}? P `-.06   @` h <d}?  dPhysical     @` h <ė}?Px _.21   @` h <$}? xP `.27*   @`  h <}?x  bSocial   @`  h <D}?PE x b.43***   @`  h <D}? E Px a.29**   @`  h <Ď}?E x e Cognitive     @`  h <}?P E  b.40***   @` h <$}?  PE  a.36**   @` h <}? E  pGeneral (self-worth)   @` h <}?P   V   @` h <{? P  V   @` h <{?   rPerceived Competence   @` h <z?P   a.37**   @` h <Dz? P  a.37**   @` h <y?  lMastery Attempts   @` h <$y?Py  `.27*   @` h <x? yP  b.56***   @` h <x?y  e Curiosity     @` h <w?PFy a.39**   @` h <Dw? FPy b.41***   @` h <v?F y mPrefers Challenge   @` h <$v?PF V   @` h <u? PF V   @` h <u? F sIntrinsic Orientation   @` h <t?P dSpring   @`  h <Dt? P bFall   @` !h <s?  V   @``B "h 0o ? `B #h 0o ? `B $h 0o ?`B %h 0o ?`B &h 0o ? P`B 'h 0o ?F`B (h 0o ?P`B )h 0o ?F`B *h 0o ?Fy`B +h 0o ?Fy`B ,h 0o ?y `B -h 0o ?y `B .h 0o ?  `B /h 0o ?  `B 0h 0o ?  `B 1h 0o ?  `B 2h 0o ? E `B 3h 0o ? E `B 4h 0o ?E x`B 5h 0o ?E x`B 6h 0o ?x`B 7h 0o ?x`B 8h 0o ?`B 9h 0o ?`B :h 0o ? P`B ;h 0o ?PH h 0޽h ? ̙33 H(  Hl H C |p {P l H C d~ `   {P H H 0޽h ? ̙33 91( @ p E  0$` W  Intrinsic Motivation: To act for the inherent satisfactions of activity Extrinsic Motivation: To act in order to obtain or achieve some separable outcome " 2  D  0~  VSee Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67. or Ryan, R.M. & Deci, E.L. (2000) Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78. `V " 2t )     W H  0޽h ? ̙33z  *"(    BA ? {PH  0޽h ? ̙33<  <<0ZZ6<(  ~  s *|@  {P x;F  `   `  62s?<` n.51***   @`  642s? < _.07   @`  62s?B  o-.30***   @`  6T0s? B i Intrinsic    @`  6.s?< ` V   @`   6t.s? < n.46***   @`   6.s?B  `-.13   @`   6/s?  B j Identified    ff@`   6/s?< `  V   @`   64s?  <  V   @`  645s?B  n.35***   @`  65s?  B  k Introjected    ff@`  6T6s?< `  V   @`  66s?  <  V   @`  61s?B   V   @`  61s?  B  nSuburban (n=156)  ff@`{  6-s? ` )Note. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001t*  6        @`  6,s?<$ `  n.47***   @`  64s? $ <  n.25***   @`  63s?B$   _.02   @`  6+s? $ B  i Intrinsic    ff@`  6t+s?<# `$  V   @`  6+s? # <$  n.56***   @`  64,s?B# $  n.30***   @`  6t4s? # B$  j Identified    @`  68g?<= `#  V   @`  6=g? = <#  V   @`  6d4g?B= #  n.54***   @`   6;g? = B#  k Introjected    ff@` ! 6Dg? !<= n.53***   @` + 6?g?B! = _.10   @` , 65g? !B= j Identified    ff@` - 6d:g?<`! V   @` . 6d7g? <! V   @` / 6$>g?B ! n.34***   @` 0 67g? B! k Introjected    ff@` 1 69g?<` V   @` 2 66g? < V   @` 3 65g?B  V   @` 4 6:g? B i Urban (n=112)   @` 5 62?<` f Identified     @` 6 62? < g Introjected     @` 7 62?B  dExternal     @` 8 62? B bSample   @``B 9 01 ? ``B : 01 ?  `B ; 01 ?``ZB < s *1 ? ``B = 01 ?  `B > 01 ?```B ? 01 ?  !`B @ 01 ?``!`B A 01 ? ! =`B B 01 ?`!`=`B C 01 ? = W`B D 01 ?`=`W`B E 01 ? W = `B F 01 ?`W`= `B G 01 ? = # `B H 01 ?`= `# `B I 01 ? # $ `B J 01 ?`# `$ `B K 01 ? $  `B L 01 ?`$ ` `B M 01 ?   `B N 01 ?` ` `B O 01 ?   `B P 01 ?` ` `B Q 01 ?  `B R 01 ?` ``B S 01 ?  `B T 01 ?```B U 01 ?  `B V 01 ?``ZB W s *1 ? `ZB X s *1 ? `ZB Y s *1 ? W`WZB Z s *1 ?  ` H  0޽h ? ̙330  l0d0@FF/(  ~  s *2P`  {P >/F  `   `R  642? , ` 2Note. *** p < .001 From: Yamauchi & Tanaka (1998)X3   *  @`  6t2? `,  `----   @`  62?@ ,  n.68***   @`  62? @,  n.35***   @`  6t2? ,  _.08   @`   62?  ,  g Intrinsic    ff@`   6T2? `  V   @`   642?@   V   @`   6t 2?  @  V   @`   62?  V   @`  6 2?    X  @`  64 2? `  V   @`  6 2?@   `----   @`  6 2?  @  n.50***   @`  6Դ1?   n.26***   @`  61?    f Identified     @`  61?`  V   @`  6T1?@  V   @`  61? @  V   @`  61?   V   @`  641?   V   @`  6Ա1?` V   @`  6t1?@ V   @`  61? @ `----   @`  6ԫ1?  n.62***   @`  61?  i Introjected    ff@`  61?` V   @`  61?@ V   @`   61? @ V   @` ! 6t1?  V   @` " 6T1?  X  ff@` # 6Ԯ1?` V   @` $ 6T1?@ V   @` % 61? @ V   @` & 641?  `----   @` ' 61?  fExternal    ff@` ( 6t1?` V   @` ) 6/?@ V   @` * 6/? @ V   @` + 6T/?  V   @` , 6/?  V   @` - 64/?` e Intrinsic     @` . 6ԉ/?@ f Identified     @` / 6/? @ g Introjected     @` 0 6T/?  dExternal     @` 1 6/?  e Subscales     @``B 2 01 ? ``B 3 01 ?  `B 4 01 ?``ZB 5 s *1 ? ``B 6 01 ?  `B 7 01 ?```B 8 01 ?  `B 9 01 ?```B : 01 ?  `B ; 01 ?```B < 01 ?  `B = 01 ?```B > 01 ?   `B ? 01 ?`` `B @ 01 ?   `B A 01 ?` ` `B B 01 ?   `B C 01 ?` ` `B D 01 ?  `B E 01 ?` `ZB F s *1 ? , `, H  0޽h ? ̙33'i  hhPgh( @ p r  S t/p  {P gF     0  64/?@  From: Miserandino (1996)P      @`  6/? @   * p < .01; ** p < .001NP    @`  6T/?S` ZP   @`  6/?`S ZP   @`  6/? ` g13.65**P   @`   6t/? `  c.14P   @`   6ԏ/?`  eModelP   @`   64/?S` g-5.22**P   @`   6/?S` e-0.93P   @`   6/? ` ZP   @`  6t/?  ` ZP   @`  6T/? ` hAutonomy P    @`  6/?S  d0.91P   @`  6,? S d0.12P   @`  6,?  ZP   @`  6,?   ZP   @`  6T,?  cSATP   @`  6,?   cAngerP   @`  6,?SD   ZP   @`  64,?D S  ZP   @`  6Կ,? D   g22.47**P   @`  6t,? D   c.21P   @`  6,?D  eModelP   @`  6t,?S D  g-6.52**P   @`  64,? SD  e-1.03P   @`  6,? D  ZP   @`  6t,?  D  ZP   @`  6,? D  hAutonomy P    @`   6t,?S   e-0.07P   @` ! 64,? S  e-0.01P   @` " 6,?   ZP   @` # 6,?   ZP   @` $ 6T,?  cSATP   @` % 6T,?    eBoredomP   @` & 6,?S(   ZP   @` ' 6,?( S  ZP   @` ( 6,? (   g36.78**P   @` ) 6,? (   c.31P   @` * 6,?(  eModelP   @` + 6T,?St (  g-7.99**P   @` , 6,?t S(  e-0.87P   @` - 6,? t (  ZP   @` . 6,? t  (  ZP   @` / 6o'?t (  hAutonomy P    @` 0 6Do'?S t  e-1.26P   @` 1 6n'? St  e-0.10P   @` 2 6n'? t  ZP   @` 3 6$n'?  t  ZP   @` 4 6m'? t  cSATP   @` 5 6dm'?    eAnxietyP   @` 6 6$h'?S   ZP   @` 7 6g'? S  ZP   @` 8 6ds'?   f7.68**P   @` 9 6s'?   c.09P   @` : 6r'?  eModelP   @` ; 6m'?SX  e3.22*P   @` < 6p'?XS  d0.31P   @` = 6$q'? X  ZP   @` > 6q'? X  ZP   @` ? 6Dr'?X  hAutonomy P    @` @ 6Dl'?SX d1.47P   @` A 6h'?SX d0.10P   @` B 6Di'? X ZP   @` C 6i'?  X ZP   @` D 6j'? X cSATP   @` E 6j'?   k ParticipatingP   @` F 6$k'?S ZP   @` G 6l'?S ZP   @` H 6dp'?  g34.94**P   @` I 6k'?   c.30P   @` J 6k'?  eModelP   @` K 6,?S< f8.31**P   @` L 6,?<S d1.86P   @` M 6D,? < ZP   @` N 6,? <  ZP   @` O 6,?<  hAutonomy P    @` P 6,?S< e-0.99P   @` Q 6$,?S< e-0.16P   @` R 6Ĝ,? < ZP   @` S 6d,?  < ZP   @` T 6,? < cSATP   @` U 6,?  g Curiosity P    @` V 6$,?S ZP   @` W 6,?S ZP   @` X 6,?  f7.98**P   @` Y 6Ė,?   c.09P   @` Z 6d,?  eModelP   @` [ 6,?S  f3.54**P   @` \ 6,? S d0.70P   @` ] 6D,?  ZP   @` ^ 6,?   ZP   @` _ 6,?   hAutonomy P    @` ` 6,?ST  d1.02P   @` a 6D,?TS  d0.14P   @` b 6$,? T  ZP   @` c 6,? T  ZP   @` d 6d,?T  cSATP   @` e 6ē,? T h Persisting P    @` f 6$D!?ST ctP   @` g 6$G!?ST o*P   @` h 6@!? T k f (2,165) P    @` i 6B!?  T R2:P    @` j 6DB!? T rPredictor VariableP   @` k 6A!? T qEngagement VariableP   @`ZB l s *1 ? `B m 0o ? @ `B n 0o ?  T`B o 0o ?T`B p 0o ? T `B q 0o ?T `B r 0o ?  `B s 0o ? `B t 0o ?`B u 0o ?<`B v 0o ?   `B w 0o ?<`B x 0o ?`B y 0o ?X`B z 0o ?   `B { 0o ?X `B | 0o ?  `B } 0o ? t `B ~ 0o ?   `B  0o ?t ( `B  0o ?(  `B  0o ?  `B  0o ?  `B  0o ? D `B  0o ?D  `B  0o ? `B  0o ?  `B  0o ?``B  0o ?``B  0o ?`B  0o ?@ ZB  s *1 ? TTZB  s *1 ?   ZB  s *1 ? ZB  s *1 ?   ZB  s *1 ?   ZB  s *1 ? ZB  s *1 ? H  0޽h ? 334y  xx`tx(  r  S @!p  {P wF  `     6$A!?@ ` From: Miserandino (1996)P      @`=  6=!? @  #* p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001h$P   $  @`  6d=!? `` ZP   @`  6?!?p`  ZP   @`  6F!?`p h17.28*** P    @`   6D!? ` c.18P   @`   6D!? `  e2,159P   @`   6DE!?`  eModelP   @`   6E!? `` g4.17***P   @`   6F!?p ` d0.54P   @`  6dF!?p` ZP   @`  6$>!? ` ZP   @`  6>!?  ` ZP   @`  6>!? ` hAutonomy P    @`  6G!?  ` f3.14**P   @`  6G!?p  d0.30P   @`  6ԕ? p ZP   @`  64?  ZP   @`  6T?  ZP   @`  6?  cSATP   @`  6?   uSocial Studies (Spring)P   @`  6? D `  ZP   @`  64?pD   ZP   @`  64?D p  h12.90*** P    @`  6t? D   c.14P   @`  6? D  e2,159P   @`  6t?D  eModelP   @`  6?  `D  g3.52***P   @`   6t?p D  d0.46P   @` ! 6Ԓ? pD  ZP   @` " 6? D  ZP   @` # 64? D  ZP   @` $ 6t? D  hAutonomy P    @` % 6Ԙ?  `  f2.82**P   @` & 6?p   d0.27P   @` ' 6ԏ? p  ZP   @` ( 6T?   ZP   @` ) 6?  ZP   @` * 6?  cSATP   @` + 6T?    sSocial Studies (Fall)P   @` , 6? ( `  ZP   @` - 6?p(   ZP   @` . 6a?( p  h18.87*** P    @` / 6\? (   c.19P   @` 0 6T]? (  e2,165P   @` 1 6]?(  eModelP   @` 2 6^? t `(  g3.73***P   @` 3 6t^?pt (  d0.47P   @` 4 6^?t p(  ZP   @` 5 64_? t (  ZP   @` 6 6_? t (  ZP   @` 7 6td?t (  hAutonomy P    @` 8 6g      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~?  `t  g3.90***P   @` 9 6g?p t  d0.36P   @` : 6b? pt  ZP   @` ; 64e? t  ZP   @` < 6e? t  ZP   @` = 6f? t  cSATP   @` > 6T`?    tLanguage Arts (Spring)P   @` ? 64b?  `  ZP   @` @ 6Tf?p   ZP   @` A 6c? p  h32.10*** P    @` B 6h?   c.28P   @` C 64h?  e2,165P   @` D 6d?  eModelP   @` E 6d? X`  g5.54***P   @` F 6tg?pX   d0.68P   @` G 6?Xp  ZP   @` H 6? X  ZP   @` I 6? X  ZP   @` J 6?X  hAutonomy P    @` K 6t? `X g4.36***P   @` L 6?p X d0.39P   @` M 6T?pX ZP   @` N 6? X ZP   @` O 6?  X ZP   @` P 64? X cSATP   @` Q 6?   rLanguage Arts (Fall)P   @` R 64? ` ZP   @` S 6?p  ZP   @` T 6T?p h22.96*** P    @` U 6?  c.22P   @` V 6?   e2,165P   @` W 6T?  eModelP   @` X 6? <` g3.48***P   @` Y 6?p<  d0.42P   @` Z 6t?<p ZP   @` [ 6? < ZP   @` \ 64? <  ZP   @` ] 6T?<  hAutonomy P    @` ^ 6? `< g4.89***P   @` _ 6?p < d0.42P   @` ` 6t?p< ZP   @` a 6? < ZP   @` b 63?  < ZP   @` c 63? < cSATP   @` d 66?  k Math (Spring)P   @` e 6t6? ` ZP   @` f 67?p  ZP   @` g 6T8?p h11.85*** P    @` h 68?  c.12P   @` i 69?   e2,165P   @` j 6t9?  eModelP   @` k 69?  ` e2.16*P   @` l 64:?p   d0.28P   @` m 6:? p ZP   @` n 6t0?  ZP   @` o 60?   ZP   @` p 641?   hAutonomy P    @` q 6T2? T`  g3.78***P   @` r 61?pT   d0.35P   @` s 61?Tp  ZP   @` t 64? T  ZP   @` u 65? T  ZP   @` v 6T5?T  cSATP   @` w 6T;? T i Math (Fall) P    @` x 6;? `T ctP   @` y 647?p T o*P   @` z 6t3?pT cfP   @` { 64? T R2:P    @` | 644?  T ddfP   @` } 69? T rPredictor VariableP   @` ~ 6Ĵ9? T XP   @`ZB  s *1 ? ``B  0o ? @ `B  0o ?  T`B  0o ?``T`B  0o ? T `B  0o ?`T` `B  0o ?  `B  0o ?` ``B  0o ?```B  0o ?``<`B  0o ?   `B  0o ?`<``B  0o ?```B  0o ?``X`B  0o ?   `B  0o ?`X` `B  0o ?` ` `B  0o ?` `t `B  0o ?   `B  0o ?`t `( `B  0o ?`( ` `B  0o ?` ` `B  0o ?  `B  0o ?` `D `B  0o ?`D ` `B  0o ?` ``B  0o ?  `B  0o ?````B  0o ?````B  0o ?```B  0o ?@ `ZB  s *1 ? T`TZB  s *1 ?  ` ZB  s *1 ? `ZB  s *1 ?  ` ZB  s *1 ?  ` ZB  s *1 ? `ZB  s *1 ? `H  0޽h ? 335  55pNN5( @ p r  S D9`  {P h4F       <9?   From Pelletier et al. (2001)   @`  6$9?q  `-89*   @`  69? q `-33*   @`  6d9?7  _.01   @`  6ķ9? 7  `.31*   @`   6$9?  `.47*   @`   69?  Persistence 22 months      @`   69?qz   a-.66*   @`   69?z q  _.08   @`   6D9?7 z   `.28*   @`  69?z 7  `.40*   @`  6d9?z   `.41*   @`  69?z   sPersistence 10 months   @`2  69? z  h--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii i  @`  6d9?q   ]-   @`  6$9? q  `.15*   @`  6Į9?7   _.02   @`  69? 7  `-30*   @`  6$9?   `-36*   @`  6ı9?   h Amotivated     @`  6d9?q  V   @`  6D9?q  ]-   @`  69?7   `.29*   @`  6Į?7  _.10   @`  6$?  `.05*   @`  6ķ?  pExternal Regulation    @`  6?q V   @`  6?q V   @`   6D?7  ]-   @` ! 6?7  `.28*   @` " 6? `.33*   @` # 6? i Introjected     @` $ 6?q, V   @` % 6d?,q V   @` & 6?7 , V   @` ' 6$?,7  ]-   @` ( 6?, `.46*   @` ) 6?, f Identified     @` * 6?qv, V   @` + 6?vq, V   @` , 6D?7 v, V   @` - 6d?v7 , V   @` . 6ı?v, ]-   @` / 6?v, f Intrinsic      @` 0 6D?qv h Amotivated     @` 1 6?qv dExternal     @` 2 6?7 v i Introjected     @` 3 6?7 v f Identified     @` 4 6D?v e Intrinsic     @` 5 6?v V   @``B 6 0o ?ZB 7 s *1 ?vvZB 8 s *1 ?,,ZB 9 s *1 ?ZB : s *1 ?ZB ; s *1 ?  ZB < s *1 ?  ZB = s *1 ?z z `B > 0o ?  ZB ? s *1 ? ZB @ s *1 ? ZB A s *1 ?7 7 ZB B s *1 ? ZB C s *1 ?qq `B D 0o ?ZB E s *1 ?  ZB F s *1 ? `B G 0o ? `B H 0o ?ZB I s *1 ?z ZB J s *1 ?z ZB K s *1 ?7 z 7 ZB L s *1 ?z ZB M s *1 ?qz qZB N s *jJ ?H  0޽h ? 33=/  ..GG }.( @ p  r   S 0  {P -F `.   `.   6D? . XNote. CRIS = Christian Religious Internalization Scale. N = 42; * p < .05; ** p < .01Y3   Y  @`   6d?  r -.49**     @`   6?P   t .33**     @`   6d?P  u Self-Actualization    @`   6$?  c-.39*   @`   6?P   t .43**     @`   6? P  w Identity Integration    @`   6?!   r -.50**     @`   6?P !   t .28**     @`   6?! P   u Global Self-Esteem    @`   6$?( !  X   @`   6?P ( !  X   @`   6D?( P !  &Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory'' '  @`   6?/ (  t .54**     @`   6?P / (  q -.37*   @`   6?/ P (  l GHQ Total      @`   6?6 /  r .32*      @`   6$?P 6 /  b-.27   @`   6?6 P /  u Social Dysfunction    @`   6?=6  a.10   @`   6 ?P =6  q -.21*   @`   6 ?=P 6  { Somatization     @`   6d?D= s .60**     @`   6?P D= q -.33*   @`   6D?DP = m Depression      @`   6?KD s .55**     @`   6$?P KD q -.39*   @`   6 ?KP D j Anxiety      @`   6 ?RK V   @` !  6d ?P RK V   @` "  6?RP K ~"General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)## #  @` #  6d ?YR l Introjection     @` $  6T>?P YR lIdentification   @` %  6=?YP R cMeasure   @` &  6>?P `Y bCRIS   @` '  6;?`P Y V   @``B (  0o ?`P ``B )  0o ?..`B *  0o ?`Y`B +  0o ?`Y`B ,  0o ?P ```B -  0o ?YR`B .  0o ?YR`B /  0o ?RK`B 0  0o ?RK`B 1  0o ?KD`B 2  0o ?KD`B 3  0o ?D=`B 4  0o ?D=`B 5  0o ?=6 `B 6  0o ?=6 `B 7  0o ?6 / `B 8  0o ?6 / `B 9  0o ?/ ( `B :  0o ?/ ( `B ;  0o ?( ! `B <  0o ?( ! `B =  0o ?!  `B >  0o ?!  `B ?  0o ? `B @  0o ? `B A  0o ? `B B  0o ? `B C  0o ? .`B D  0o ? .ZB E  s *1 ?P YYZB F  s *1 ?RRZB G  s *1 ?  H   0޽h ? ̙33  4,''( @ p r  S T;`  {P F       64:?0 u d.59***   @`  6:? 0u d.57***   @`  69? u d.52***   @`  69?` u h .41***     @`  6T8? ` u qAutonomous Regulation   @`V   67?u $+ p < .10, * p < .05, *** p < . 001 %   ( %  @`   647?0p   b-.11   @`   66?p 0  b-.13   @`   6A? p   b-.10   @`   6TA?` p  b-.05   @`  6??p `  qControlled Regulation   @`  6t??0p  b.18*   @`  6@?0p  a.03   @`  6?? p  b.17*   @`  6@?`  p  g .24**     @`  64=?` p  Autonomy Support (HCCQ)$   @`  6t<?0  qComposite Adherence   @`  66? 0  Self- Rpt.        @`  6j?  k 14 Day Count   @`  6m?`   n2 Day Pill Count   @`  6l? `  V   @``B  0o ?`B  0o ? `B  0o ? ZB  s *1 ?`  `B  0o ?p `B  0o ?p `B  0o ?p `B   0o ?p  `B ! 0o ? u`B " 0o ? u`B # 0o ?u`B $ 0o ?u`B % 0o ? ` ZB & s *1 ?ZB ' s *1 ?uuH  0޽h ? ̙33 {//( @ p X2  0P X2  0P X2  0    0kpv bAutonomy Support$(2    0$kp gAutonomous Motivation$(2    0opPv eComposite Adherence$(2  ^B  6D  ^B   6D^B   6Dp`P^B   6D^B  @ 6D p ^B  @ 6D   ^B @ 6D` P^B  6D p ^B @ 6D`   ^B  6D` P  ^B  6D  0 ^B  6D0p^B  6Dp   ^B  6D00  0DoPpP= IAS1 2    0n   IAS4 2    0n p  IAS3 2    0$np IAS2 2    0m   IAM3 2    0fp ]  IAM2 2    0Df   IAM1 2    0e@ HA1 2    0ep HA3 2    0$eP`= HA2 2     0d @ 2   ! 0dd I.60 2   " 0d p  I.86 2   # 0g` pG  I.79 2   $ 0h  I.74 2   % 0i0@ I.37 2   & 0h  I.87 2   ' 0Di` ` G  I.70 2   ( 0$h P  I.61 2   ) 0dg   I.70 2   * 0D I.78 2   + 0䳴 `  I.40 2   , 0 I.72 2   - 0$  I.67 2   . 0IJ@ I.83 2   / 0dT $X2 [33, N = 126] = 40.8, p = .16, NNFI = .98, RMSEA = .04 AS 1-4 = Autonomy Support Items; AM 1-3 = Autonomous Motivation A1 = 2 day pill count; A2 = Overall self-report; A3 = 14 day pill count 40F2   H  0޽h ? ̙33z  *"( @ p  0 6A ?`  \4H  0޽h ? 33ff̙?  ??ZZ=?(  r  S   {P >F -  -  6$?- X   @`  6?`- X   @`  6?P`- X   @`  6?P- X   @`  6? - X   @`   6į?  - X   @`   6?  - X   @`   6d?@ - X   @`3   6$?@- * p < .05, ** p < .01V       @`   6?H  b.15*   @`  6D?`H  a.15   @`  6?PH ` o.42**   @`  6D?H P a.33   @`  6乴? H  o.24**   @`  6? H  a.20   @`  6$? H  o.25**   @`  6ĸ?@H  a.24   @`  6䰴?H @ qVertical Collectivism   @`  6? H  p .21**   @`  6D?` H  a.23   @`  6?P `H  o.38**   @`  6d? PH  a.30   @`  6]g? H  o.18**   @`  6^g? H  a.17   @`  6t^g? H  o.28**   @`  6^g?@ H  a.28   @`  6_g? @H  rVertical Individualism   @`  6_g?d   p .21**   @`   6T`g?`d   a.23   @` ! 6`g?Pd `  o.38**   @` " 6ag?d P  a.30   @` # 6tag? d   o.18**   @` $ 6ag? d  a.17   @` % 64bg? d  o.23**   @` & 6bg?@d  a.26   @` ' 6Tcg?d @  sHorizontal Collectivism   @` ( 6cg?d  p .22**   @` ) 6dg?`d  a.24   @` * 6tdg?P`d  o.37**   @` + 6dg?Pd  a.32   @` , 64eg? d  o.17**   @` - 6eg?  d  a.16   @` . 6eg?  d  o.28**   @` / 6Tfg?@ d  a.37   @` 0 6gg?@d  tHorizontal Individualism   @` 1 6tgg? ab   @` 2 6gg?` aB   @` 3 64hg?P` ab   @` 4 6hg?P aB   @` 5 6hg?  ab   @` 6 6Tig?   aB   @` 7 64f?   ab   @` 8 6f?@  aB   @` 9 6Tf?@ qRelative Autonomy of:   @` : 6f?` j U.S. (N=195)     @` ; 6f?` k Turkey (N=94)   @` < 6f?  lRussia (N=159)   @` = 6Tf?@  nS. Korea (N=111)   @` > 6f?@ V   @``B ? 0o ?-@-`B @ 0o ?`B A 0o ?ZB B s *1 ?@`B C 0o ?`B D 0o ?`B E 0o ?d `B F 0o ?d `B G 0o ?d `B H 0o ?d  `B I 0o ? H `B J 0o ? H `B K 0o ?H `B L 0o ?H `B M 0o ?-`B N 0o ?-`B O 0o ?@- -`B P 0o ? - -`B Q 0o ? - -`B R 0o ? --`B S 0o ?-P-`B T 0o ?P-`-`B U 0o ?`--`B V 0o ?--`B W 0o ?@ZB X s *1 ?ZB Y s *1 ?ZB Z s *1 ?H  0޽h ? ̙33  ##,( @ p r  S tfP  {P zF @   @ :  6f?   TNote. South Korean correlations below diagonal. U.S. correlations above diagonal.4UP U  @`  <4f?p   a---   @`  <f?p   c.47**   @`  <f? p   c.27**   @`  <f?p  f Well-Being     @`   <f?0 p  c.40**   @`   <tf?0 p  a---   @`   <f? 0 p  b.16*   @`   <f?0 p  nGoal progress (GP)   @`   <f? 0  b.36*   @`  <Tf? 0  b.25*   @`  <f? 0  a---   @`  <tf?  0  nGoal Autonomy (GA)   @`  <f?@  `WB   @`  <._?@  `GP   @`  <d._? @  `GA   @`  6._?@  V   @``B  0o ?  `B  0o ?@ `B  0o ?@ ZB  s *1 ? @@`B  0o ? 0 `B  0o ? 0 `B  0o ?0 p `B  0o ?0 p `B  0o ?p  `B  0o ?p  `B  0o ?  `B   0o ?  `B ! 0o ?@ @ZB " s *1 ?  ZB # s *1 ?  H  0޽h ? ̙33     < ( PBF$\p_ <x < c $/_  {P X2 < 0`@ X2 < 00PX2 < 0P X2 < 0 PRB < s *D @ RB < s *D RB  < s *D  < 0D0_p*  eInternalization & Integration(2    < 01_P dAutonomy Support&(2     < 01_ p  fCompetence Support&(2     < 02_@p' _ Relatedness& (2    < 02_ b UMinimal External Pressure Provision of Maximal Choice Internal Frame Reference SharedV0(2V V  < 0D3_  /Warmth, Involvement Conveyance of Belongingness4020<2( !   < 03_ P B  <Optimal Challenge Dev. Appropriate Demands Relevant Feedback&=0(2<    ( H < 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.} tɞ9  ]9U9RR8( @ p r  S 4_P  {P ;8F @E  @E  64_?%E s*A-S = Autonomy Support   @`  65_?<% e p<.001     @`  65_?<% c-4.21   @`  6D6_? % a.79   @`  66_?  % b-.57   @`   67_? % b1.00   @`   6d7_?% a0.0   @`   6$8_?% mLife Satisfaction   @`   68_?<  d p<.10     @`   6D9_? < b1.93   @`  69_?  a.85   @`  64_?  b-.25   @`  6_?  b1.00   @`  6_?  a0.0   @`  6_?  f Depression     @`  6t_?<   d p<.01     @`  6ԧ_? <  c-3.15   @`  64_?   a.81   @`  6_?  b-.42   @`  6_?  b1.00   @`  6T_?   a0.0   @`  6_?   g Self-Esteem     @`  6Ԫ_?<   e p<.001     @`  64_? <  c-6.59   @`  6_?   a.48   @`  6_?  c-1.27   @`  6T_?  b1.00   @`  6_?   a0.0   @`   6t_?   nSelf-Actualization   @` ! 64_?<   e p<.001     @` " 6_? <  c-4.18   @` # 6_?   a.71   @` $ 6T_?  b-.54   @` % 6_?  b1.00   @` & 6_?   a0.0   @` ' 6԰_?   h Teacher A-S*     @` ( 6D@?<e  cp<.01   @` ) 6@?e<  c-2.97   @` * 6@? e  a.90   @` + 6d@? e  b-.41   @` , 6Ă@?e  b1.00   @` - 6$@?e  a0.0   @` . 6@?e  g Parent A-S*     @` / 6D@?<Ee _p   @` 0 6@?E<e _t   @` 1 6d@? Ee fVariance     @` 2 6ą@? E e bMean   @` 3 6@?E e fVariance     @` 4 6@?Ee bMean   @` 5 6@?Ee mLatent Constructs   @` 6 6d@?@E nDifference Tests   @` 7 6Ĉ@? @E dRussia   @` 8 6$@?@ E bU.S.   @` 9 6@?@E V   @``B : 0o ?EE`B ; 0o ?@E`B < 0o ?@EZB = s *1 ?@@`B > 0o ?Ee`B ? 0o ?Ee`B @ 0o ?e `B A 0o ?e `B B 0o ? `B C 0o ?  `B D 0o ? `B E 0o ?  `B F 0o ? `B G 0o ?  `B H 0o ? `B I 0o ? `B J 0o ?%`B K 0o ?%`B L 0o ?%E`B M 0o ?%E`B N 0o ?@@ZB O s *1 ?EEZB P s *1 ?eeZB Q s *1 ?%%ZB R s *1 ?  H  0޽h ? ̙33!    ++A ( @ p r  S @`  {P F   "  6D@?& .* p < .05, ** p < .01 (Chirkov & Ryan, 2001),/.   "  @`  6@?! &  .48***     @`  6d@?@! & s .16*   @`  6$@?P ! @&  .60***     @`  6@?! P & u .14*   @`   6t8?! & tIntrinsic Motivation   @`   648? !   .43***    @`   68?@ !   .47***    @`   68?P  @!   .36***     @`   6t8? P !   .38***      @`  648? !  uIdentified Regulation   @`  68?   s .08*   @`  68?@   s .15*   @`  6T8?P  @  s .03*   @`  68? P   u .06*   @`  6t8?   rIntrojected Regulation   @`  68?  u -.28**   @`  648?@  u -.26**   @`  68?P @  w -.25**     @`  68?P   z -.21**     @`  6t8?  oExternal Regulation   @`  648? z Teacher A-S*     @`  68?@ z Parent A-S*     @`  68?P @ z Teacher A-S*     @`  6h9?P  y Parent A-S*     @`  6$i9? V   @`  6i9?@ eRussian   @`  6i9?@ bU.S.   @`   6Dj9? V   @``B ! 0o ?`B " 0o ?`B # 0o ?ZB $ s *1 ?`B % 0o ?`B & 0o ?`B ' 0o ?`B ( 0o ?`B ) 0o ?ZB * s *1 ?ZB + s *1 ?H  0޽h ? ̙33<-  ,,CC|,(  r  S j9`  {P +F PI     6dk9?I v(Chirkov & Ryan, 2001)   @`  6$l9?  * p < .05,** p < .01      @`  6l9?    (Diener)       @`  6m9?    .36***     @`  6n9?@    .50***   @`   6n9?P  @   .34***     @`   6o9? P    .49***     @`   6Dp9?   qLife-Satisfaction   @`   6q9?   h (CES-D)     @`   6dq9?&   q.08*   @`  6q9?@&   -.48***   @`  6$r9?P & @  r-.14*   @`  6r9?& P   r-.09*   @`  6Ds9?&   j Depression     @`  6t9?- &   (Rosenberg)        @`  6dt9?4-  t .21**   @`  645?@4-   .54***   @`  65?P 4@-  s .18*   @`  6T5?4P -   .40***     @`  65?4-  g Self-Esteem     @`  65?;4  (Jones & Crandall)      @`  64 5?B; t .20**   @`  6 5?@B;  .39***   @`  6T 5?P B@;  .33***     @`  6 5?BP ;  .35***     @`  6 5?B; nSelf-Actualization   @`  6 5?IB y Teacher A-S*     @`  6T 5?@IB x Parent A-S*     @`   65?P I@B y Teacher A-S*     @` ! 65?IP B x Parent A-S*     @` " 645?IB V   @` # 65?@PI eRussian   @` $ 65?P@I bU.S.   @` % 6T5?PI V   @``B & 0o ?II`B ' 0o ?PI`B ( 0o ?PIZB ) s *1 ?PP`B * 0o ?IB`B + 0o ?IB`B , 0o ?B;`B - 0o ?B;`B . 0o ?;4`B / 0o ?;4`B 0 0o ?4- `B 1 0o ?4- `B 2 0o ?- & `B 3 0o ?- & `B 4 0o ?&  `B 5 0o ?&  `B 6 0o ?  `B 7 0o ?  `B 8 0o ?  `B 9 0o ?  `B : 0o ? `B ; 0o ?  `B < 0o ? `B = 0o ? `B > 0o ?I`B ? 0o ?I`B @ 0o ?PPZB A s *1 ?IIZB B s *1 ?BBZB C s *1 ?  H  0޽h ? ̙33  L(  Ll L C 5p {P l L C 5 `   {P H L 0޽h ? ̙336  0 86( $\p_8 8x 8 c $t5}  {P X2 8 0P@ X2 8 0PX2 8 0P` X2 8 0 PRB 8 s *D @ RB 8 s *D RB  8 s *D0  8 0t{5 G  i Well-being0 (2      8 04|5P NAutonomy (2     8 0|5 p  P Competence (2     8 0}5@p: Q Relatedness (2   H 8 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.} tɞ z@(    0t~5p  zResearch Implications * Universality * Within Person Dynamics--needs across Time, Life-Roles, Relationships (e.g, Reis et. al, 2000; Sheldon et al, 1997; La Guardia et al., 2000) * Life Goals and Aspirations should differentially predict need satisfaction and well being *Dark side of  American Dream (e.g., Kasser & Ryan, 1993; 1996; Kasser, 2000) *Vertical vs. Horizontal Cultures (e.g., Chirkov, Ryan, Kim & Kaplan, 2003; Chirkov & Ryan, 2004)  " 2$JH|1"A p  Y H  0޽h ? ̙33!  !y!P35P!(  Pr P S ~5  {P F  `- P   P <45?0} `- q.61**(   @` P <5?} 0- q.60**(   @` P <5? } - q.72**(   @` P <5? } - yNeed Satisfaction$    @` P <5?0 `}  Z(   @`  P <t5? 0}  Z(   @`  P <ԁ5? }  Z(   @`  P <45?  }  X    @`  P <5?0 `  Z(   @`  P <5? 0  Z(   @` P <T5?    Z(   @` P <5?   X    @` P <5?0m`  Z(   @` P <t5?m0  Z(   @` P <Ԅ5? m  Z(   @` P <45? m   X    @` P <5?0`m Z(   @` P <5?0m Z(   @` P <T5? m Z(   @` P <5?  m X    @` P <73?0` k Korea (111) (    @` P <t83?0 l Russia (159) (    @` P <493?  i US (195) (    @` P <93?   X    @`fB P 6o ?  fB P 6o ? - -fB P 6o ?  fB P 6o ?``fB  P 6o ? fB !P 6o ?  mfB "P 6o ?0fB #P 6o ?0`fB $P 6o ?``mfB %P 6o ?      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ m  fB &P 6o ?`m` fB 'P 6o ?   fB (P 6o ?` ` fB )P 6o ?  } fB *P 6o ?` `} fB +P 6o ? } -fB ,P 6o ?`} `-fB -P 6o ? --fB .P 6o ?-0-fB /P 6o ?0-`-`B 0P 01 ? ` 1P 0T:3@4 \Country N = " 2   4P 0;3 A d Turkey (94) * " 2     5P <t;3 v  q.67**("      H P 0޽h ? 33ff̙      `t ( @ p tX2 t 0 ^B t 6Dp^B t 6D 0^B t 6Dp  ^B t 6D @ `  t 0<3@` BManager s Autonomy Supportiveness"(2" "  t 0T=3  u-Autonomy Orientation (Individual Differences).(2. .   t 0=3p0 P  t,Work-Related Autonomy Competence Relatedness-(2- -   t 0t>3@ cWork Performance Evaluation(2    t 04?3 p dWell-Being and Mental Health(2  X2  t 0`PpX2  t 0 X2 t 0p`X2 t 00   t B?3   {P  t 6?3PPx7 K.57 2   t 6T@3P x K.24 2   t 6@3p W  K.14 2   t 6A3 0X  K.57 2   t 0tA3 KM=495 2  H t 0޽h ? 33ff̙B1  00pQQ0( @ p   6B30`S| bSupervisor Autonomy Support    6t3`S,  bManagement Autonomy Support    6u3@  cCompetence Need Satisfaction    6Dv3P  dRelatedness Need Satisfaction    6w3q aAutonomy Need Satisfaction    6dw3Zv Leng1 2    6w3Zf Leng2 2     6$x3ZV Leng3 2     6x3`V Lanx1 2     6x3`F Lanx2 2     6Dy3p`6  Lanx3 2     6y3` `&  Lanx4 2    6z3@ H  Lgse1 2    6dz30 H  Lgse2 2    6z3 H  Lgse3 2    6${3H Lgse4 2    6{3H Lgse5 2  R2  s *PR2  s *  R2  s *` R2  s *   R2  s *  ^B @ 6D@e% ^B @ 6D@e%@^B  6De%@  6D|3p R Engagement (2     0|3 t OAnxiety(2    0d}3P@0  YAutonomy Support    0$~3P 0  ZNeed Satisfaction    6~3` f ZGeneral Self-Esteem     03 `S  ZEnvironment Support  ^B ! 6D@ @^B " 6Dpp^B # 6D@ ^B $ 6D` ^B % 6D ^B & 6DPp^B ' 6D0 @` ^B ( 6DP@^B ) 6D^B * 6D^B + 6DP^B , 6D^B - 6D^B . 6D`  ^B / 6D ` ^B 0 6D  ^B 1 6D  ^B 2 6D@p^B 3 6D`^B 4 6Dp ` ^B 5 6D ^B 6 6DP^B 7 6D  8 63m K1.0 2    9 6d3P<} K1.0 2    : 63P<] K.74 2    ; 630 l  K.66 2    < 6t3 O.91/.30 2    = 6Է3= O.23/.66 2    > 643   O.19/.10 2    ? 630  M K.96 2    @ 63@| K.62 2    A 6T3@` L  K.74 2    B 63- K1.0 2    C 63 ] K.92 2    D 6t30l K.85 2    E 6Ժ3 -  K.59 2    F 63  R -1.07/-.30 2     G 63 @  O.31/.55 2    H 6T3p K.99 2    I 63= K1.0 2    J 63P K.72 2    K 6t3@ L1.07 2    L 6Խ3 =  K.91 2    M 643@ l  K1.0 2    N 63   K.89 2    O 63   K.98 2    P 6T3m K.77 2    Q 63O ] O.15/.67 2   H  0޽h ? 33ff̙|  ,$( @ p x  c $3 `@  {P   c $t3P  {P  Er  S 3P  {P H  0޽h ? 33+1  00JJk0( @ p r  S k2  {P /F  `     6Tl2?f` X   @`  6l2?f X   @`  6m2? f o.87(   @`  6tm2? f  a.02   @`  64n2? f  lMaterial Success   @`   6n2?) `f X   @`   6n2?) f X   @`   6To2? ) f o.76(   @`   6o2? ) f a.10   @`   6tp2? ) f lImage/Appearance   @`  6p2? `)  X   @`  64q2? )  X   @`  6q2? )  o.75(   @`  6q2? )  a.18   @`  6r2?  )  nSocial Recognition   @`  6s2? `  X   @`  6ts2?   X   @`  6s2?   a.18   @`  64t2?  o.60(   @`  6t2?   kPhysical Health   @`  6Tu2?s `  X   @`  61?s   X   @`  6d1? s   b-.21   @`  61? s  o.76(   @`  61? s  e Community     @`  61?6`s  X   @`  6D1?6s  X   @`  61? 6s  a.19   @`   61? 6 s  o.76(   @` ! 61? 6 s  sAffiliation/Relatedness   @` " 6$1?`6 X   @` # 61?6 X   @` $ 61? 6 a.20   @` % 6D1?  6 c.77   @` & 6 1?  6 kPersonal Growth   @` ' 6d 1?` X   @` ( 6 1? X   @` ) 6 1?  fFactor 2     @` * 6D 1?   fFactor 1     @` + 6 1?   V   @` , 6 1?` X   @` - 6 1?  h Importance     @` . 6$ 1?   V   @``B / 0o ?  `B 0 0o ?  `B 1 0o ?``ZB 2 s *1 ? ``B 3 0o ?  `B 4 0o ?```B 5 0o ?  6`B 6 0o ?``6`B 7 0o ? 6 s `B 8 0o ?`6`s `B 9 0o ? s  `B : 0o ?`s ` `B ; 0o ?   `B < 0o ?` ` `B = 0o ?  ) `B > 0o ?` `) `B ? 0o ? ) f`B @ 0o ?`) `f`B A 0o ? f `B B 0o ?`f``B C 0o ?  `B D 0o ? `B E 0o ?`B F 0o ?``B G 0o ?  ZB H s *1 ? `ZB I s *1 ? `ZB J s *1 ? f`fH  0޽h ? 33 @8(    0 1   8 On the good and happiness: to judge from their lives, most people, i.e., the most vulgar, seem to suppose it to be pleasure; that is why they favor the life of consumption (Aristotle, NE, pp. 97-98) * " 2      H  0޽h ? ̙33)  ..,i(  ,x , c $D1  {P F  ,  , <1? 9Aspiration scores for a dimension are entered hierarchically, yielding standardized regression coefficients. * p < .10, ** p < .05, *** p < .01fo     @` , <1?  a.46**   @` , <D1?n   u .25    @` , <1? n  u .29    @` , <d1?D  c-.60***   @`  , <1?D c-.52***   @`  , <1? e Extrinsic     @`  , <D1?@ {Aspiration Importance"   @`  , <1?@  v -.35**    @`  , <1? @ kPhysical Symptoms   @` , <1?@n   t -.19    @` , <1?n @  aAnxiety   @` , <1?@ n  v -.35**    @` , <d1? @n  d Depression     @` , <1?@D  b.46***   @` , <1?D@  bVitality     @` , <1?@D b.40***   @` , <1?@D lSelf-Actualization   @` , <d1?@ e Intrinsic     @` , <1?@ T   @` , <$1?@ T   @``B , 01 ?@`B , 01 ?`B , 01 ?`B , 01 ?`B , 01 ?@`B , 01 ?`B , 01 ?`B  , 01 ?D`B !, 01 ?D`B ", 01 ?D `B #, 01 ?D `B $, 01 ? n `B %, 01 ? n `B &, 01 ?n `B ', 01 ?n  `B (, 01 ? `B ), 01 ? `B *, 01 ?`B +, 01 ?ZB ,, s *1 ?@ZB -, s *1 ?@ZB ., s *1 ?H , 0޽h ? ̙33  |t (   r  S /  {P  0 6A ?    0T/0  p,IV = Intrinsic Values; EV = Extrinsic Values- 2- - H  0޽h ? 33*  :*2*>>8)(  8r 8 S /   {P &F ` 8 ` 8 6/?q  X   @` 8 6t/?@  q b0.42   @` 8 64/? @   Life satisfaction  B @` 8 6/?q!   X   @` 8 6/?@ ! q  b0.16   @`  8 6/?! @    Lack of depression  B @`  8 6/?q( !  X   @`  8 6t/?@ ( q!  b0.42   @`  8 64/?( @ !   Self-Actualization  B @`  8 6/?q/ (  X   @` 8 6/?@ / q(  b0.34   @` 8 6/?/ @ (  t Self-esteem      @` 8 6/?q6 /  X   @` 8 6t/?@ 6 q/  X   @` 8 64/?6 @ /  w Russian Males&   @` 8 6/?q=6  X   @` 8 6/?@ =q6  b0.16   @` 8 6/?=@ 6   Life satisfaction  B @` 8 6/?qD= X   @` 8 6t/?@ Dq= b0.34   @` 8 64/?D@ =  Lack of depression  B @` 8 6/?qKD X   @` 8 6b/?@ KqD b0.42   @` 8 6c/?K@ D  Self-Actualization  B @` 8 6d/?qRK X   @` 8 6dd/?@ RqK b0.42   @` 8 6$e/?R@ K z Self-esteem     B @` 8 6e/?qYR X   @`  8 6e/?@ YqR X   @` !8 6f/?Y@ R rUS Males&    @` "8 6g/?q`Y X   @` #8 6g/?@ `qY h Importance     @` $8 6$h/?`@ Y V   @`ZB %8 s *1 ?``ZB &8 s *1 ?`B '8 0o ?`Y`B (8 0o ?`Y`B )8 0o ?YR`B *8 0o ?YR`B +8 0o ?RK`B ,8 0o ?RK`B -8 0o ?KD`B .8 0o ?KD`B /8 0o ?D=`B 08 0o ?D=`B 18 0o ?=6 `B 28 0o ?=6 `B 38 0o ?6 / `B 48 0o ?6 / `B 58 0o ?/ ( `B 68 0o ?/ ( `B 78 0o ?( ! `B 88 0o ?( ! `B 98 0o ?!  `B :8 0o ?!  `B ;8 0o ? `B <8 0o ? ZB =8 s *1 ?YYU >8 0h/l _Note. All correlations are significant at p < .01, except for those reported as .03, which are not statistically significant. In addition, correlations that are not identical to one another are statistically different in magnitude (p < .01). Life goal ratings are calculated such that higher numbers reflect a more intrinsic versus extrinsic emphasis.h` 2%v ` H 8 0޽h ? 33%  k%c%224$(  4r 4 S h/   {P !F C 4 ` 4 6Di/?qf _  X   @` 4 6i/?@ f q_  X   @` 4 6dj/?f @ _  z US Females&    B @` 4 6j/?q_ X  X   @` 4 6$k/?@ _ qX  b0.25   @`  4 6k/?_ @ X  z Self-esteem     B @`  4 6Dl/?qX Q  X   @`  4 6l/?@ X qQ  b0.56   @`  4 6dm/?X @ Q   Self-Actualization  B @`  4 6m/?qQ J  X   @` 4 6$n/?@ Q qJ  b0.16   @` 4 6t.?Q @ J   Lack of depression  B @` 4 6Ժ.?qJ C X   @` 4 64.?@ J qC b0.25   @` 4 6.?J @ C  Life satisfaction  B @` 4 6T.?qmf  X   @` 4 6.?@ mqf  b0.03   @` 4 6t.?m@ f   Life satisfaction  B @` 4 6Խ.?qtm X   @` 4 64.?@ tqm b0.03   @` 4 6.?t@ m  Lack of depression  B @` 4 6T.?q{t X   @` 4 6.?@ {qt b0.34   @` 4 6t.?{@ t  Self-Actualization  B @` 4 6.?q{ X   @` 4 64.?@ q{ b0.16   @` 4 6.?@ { z Self-esteem     B @` 4 6T.?q X   @`  4 6.?@ q X   @` !4 6t.?@  yRussian Females&    @` "4 6.?q X   @` #4 6.?@ q i Importance     @` $4 6.?@  V   @`ZB %4 s *1 ?ZB &4 s *1 ?CC`B '4 0o ?`B (4 0o ?`B )4 0o ?{`B *4 0o ?{`B +4 0o ?{t`B ,4 0o ?{t`B -4 0o ?tm`B .4 0o ?tm`B /4 0o ?mC`B 04 0o ?mCZB 14 s *1 ?U 24 0T.l _Note. All correlations are significant at p < .01, except for those reported as .03, which are not statistically significant. In addition, correlations that are not identical to one another are statistically different in magnitude (p < .01). Life goal ratings are calculated such that higher numbers reflect a more intrinsic versus extrinsic emphasis.h` 2%v ` H 4 0޽h ? 33& f( @ p .F     HA ??   N.PF0*PF0*  R Spirituality 2     ND*PF0*PF0*H O Community 2     N*PF0*PF0*X  Q Affiliation 2     Nķ*PF0*PF0*    UPersonal growth 2    N*PF0*PF0*0 00  UPhysical HealthZ     N*PF0*PF0* 0   LSafetyZ     N*PF0*PF0* I NHedonism Z      Nd*PF0*PF0*   XWealth MaterialismZ     Nĺ*PF0*PF0*9  KImageZ     N*PF0*PF0*PP VPopularity/ FameZ    ND*PF0*PF0* `  P Conformity Z   rB B BDԔ  xB  HDԔ]    N*PF0*PF0*  fSelf-transcendence& 2    NĽ*PF0*PF0* `  a Physical self& 2     N*PF0*PF0*p  ] Extrinsic& 2     ND*PF0*PF0*@  ] Intrinsic& 2   H  0޽h ? 33g5 55^^4( @ p j  B1?9^B  61?   Z*xaxa1?S  ^Daily Well-being   @B  C S1n67%@B  C S1%6&@B  C S1 6 @B  C S1 6 @B   C S1 6 @B   C S1 6 @B   C S16@B   C S16@B   C S16@B  C S16@B  C S16@B  C S1n6o@B  C S1%6i&@B  C S1%67M@B  C S1%>?M@B  C S1%=>M@B  C S1%EFM@B  C S1%EFM@B  C S1%L M M@B  C S1%L M M@B  C S1%S T M@B  C S1%S T M@B  C S1%[ \ M@B  C S1%Z[M@B  C S1%bcM@B  C S1%bcM@B  C S1%ijM   B3 CDE8F@SB$% +% , , P3  @^.aF  ! B3 CDE8F@Saun% % , +, 3  @.a @B " C S] D c  #  B3 CDE8F@SjJ% % , , 3  @.a $  BNCdDEF9jS1'N2'd2' @`]^ %  BMCdDEF9jS1'M2'd2' @`xd &  BMCdDEF9jS1&M2&d2& @`d% '  BNCdDEF9jS1'N2'd2' @`lW (  BMCdDEF9jS1'M2'd2' @`6k )  BNCcDEF3f1'N1'c1' @` % s  *  BNCcDEF9jS1'N1'c1' @` % s  +  BMCdDEF9jS1&M2&d2& @`6- z  ,  BNCdDEF9jS1'N2'd2' @`Z, z  -  BMCdDEF9jS1'M2'd2' @`a4  .  BMCdDEF9jS1&M2&d2& @`49 /  BNCdDEF9jS1'N2'd2' @`/; 0  BMCcDEF9jS1'M2'c2' @`; 1  BNCdDEF9jS1'N2'd2' @`BJR 2 s *S1h M R 3 s *S1 &U R 4 s *S1| &U R 5 s *S1 .\6 R 6 s *S1 -\Z R 7 s *S1 5 c R 8 s *S1u 5 c R 9 s *S1 < k  R : s *S1< j CR ; s *S1 C r J R < s *S1 Cr R = s *S13 Kyn R > s *S1 Jy6 R ? s *S1 R  @ 6d* x R-5"   A 6* x  R-4"   B 6$* x  R-3"   C 6* x  R-2"   D 6T * xl  R-1"   E 6 *y_  Q0"   F 6*bH Q1"   G 6t*U; Q2"   H 6*=# Q3"   I 64*0 Q4"   J 6* Q5"   K 6*{ Q1"   L 6T*" Q2"   M 6*" Q3"   N 6*) Q4"   O 6t*) Q5"   P 6*1  Q6"   Q 64*0  Q7"   R 6*8  Q8"   S 6*7  Q9"   T 6T*  R10"   U 6* R11"   V 6* R12"   W 6t* R13"   X 6*' R14"   Y T*xaxa1? VPerson A    Z TT*xaxa1? r  VPerson B    [ T*xaxa1?@}@  ] Sample Mean$    \ Tt*xaxa1? })Within-person effects: Daily fluctuations&*)  * ^B ] 6D3jJ`P ^ <*` T  FDays  H  0޽h ? S̙33QH  GG__QG(  ~  s *4* P  {P Fp  ` C  ` {P " H*? ` /1Note. N = 76, * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .0012   6        @` " H* ?` a< 1   @` " Hr* ? b.004   @` " HTs* ?  b1.04   @` " Hs* ?   c-.053   @`  " Htt* ?   &Today s Relatedness   @`  " Ht* ? ` p3.15**   @`  " H4u* ?  c-.059   @`  " Hu* ?  p4.71**   @`  " Hu* ?  c-.232   @` " Hv* ?   $Today s Competence   @` " Hw* ? `  q2.13+(    @` " Htw* ?   c-.007   @` " Hw* ?   p3.34**   @` " H4x* ?  c-.023   @` " Hx* ?   | Today s Autonomy   @` " HTy* ? `  c8.02*   @` " Hy* ?   b.348   @` " Hz* ?   p5.73**   @` " Htz* ?  b.203   @` " H4{* ?   ,Yesterday s Well-Being   @` " H{* ? `  _t   @` " H{* ?   _B   @` " HT|* ?   _t   @` " H|* ?  _B   @` " N}*?   V   @` " H}*? `  fSymptoms     @` " H~*?   nNegative Emotion   @`  " N+?   V   @` !" H+?`  c2.39*   @` "" HD+?  b.116   @` #" H+?   c2.53*   @` $" H+?   b.147   @` %" H+?   &Today s Relatedness   @` &" H$+?` p4.21**   @` '" H+? b.209   @` (" H+?  p5.17**   @` )" HD+?   b.250   @` *" H+?   $Today s Competence   @` +" Hd+?` q1.93+(    @` ," H+? b.015   @` -" H$+?  p6.39**   @` ." H+?   b.046   @` /" HD+?   | Today s Autonomy   @` 0" H+?` c2.46*   @` 1" H+? b.097   @` 2" Hd+?  p4.00**   @` 3" H+?   b.133   @` 4" H+?   ,Yesterday s Well-Being   @` 5" H+?` _t   @` 6" HD+? _B   @` 7" H+?  _t   @` 8" H+?   _B   @` 9" Nd+?   V   @` :" H$+?` fVitality     @` ;" H'?  nPositive Emotion   @` <" Nt'?   V   @`lB =" <o ? `lB >" <o ?  lB ?" <o ?``fB @" 61 ? `lB A" <o ?  lB B" <o ?``lB C" <o ?  lB D" <o ?``lB E" <o ?  lB F" <o ?``lB G" <o ?  lB H" <o ?``lB I" <o ?   lB J" <o ?`` lB K" <o ?   lB L" <o ?` ` lB M" <o ?   lB N" <o ?` ` lB O" <o ?   lB P" <o ?` ` lB Q" <o ?   lB R" <o ?` ` lB S" <o ?  lB T" <o ?` `lB U" <o ?  lB V" <o ?``lB W" <o ?  lB X" <o ?``lB Y" <o ?  fB Z" 61 ? `fB [" 61 ? `fB \" 61 ? ` fB ]" 61 ? ` fB ^" 61 ?  ` fB _" 61 ? `H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.|}^MY    |( @ p |x | c $ԁ'  {P  |0 HA "?@@H "$D | | <'4`L,$ `Person A*    | <T' fR{ ,$ RPerson B    | 0',$D  }!EMOTIONAL QUALITY OF RELATIONSHIP."! " N | 6޽h ? ffff3f(<  ;;@PPh;( @ p r  S (P  {P :F      <d(? m United StatesF   @`  <(?d  fRussiaF   @`  <$(?d  eChinaF   @`  6(? V   @`  6(? ! V   @`   6D(?! flNote. NeedSat = need satisfaction. ASR = autonomy supportive relationships. *p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001 tmN L  H      @`   6(?M   n.65***   @`   6(? M  n.69***   @`   6d(?   n.61***   @`   6(?d   n.63***   @`  6$(? d  n.43***   @`  6(?   n.58***   @`  6D (?   kVitality (mean)   @`  6&?M   x.71***     @`  6&? M  x.79***     @`  6T&?   n.57***   @`  6&?d   n.68***   @`  6&? d  n.60***   @`  6t&?   n.67***   @`  64&?   oSatisfaction (mean)   @`  6&?M   V   @`  6&? M  V   @`  6T&?   V   @`  6&?d   V   @`  6&? d  V   @`  6t&?   V   @`  64&?   zIn Relationships&   @`  6&?M   o-.40***   @`   6&? M  o-.42***   @` ! 6T&?   `-.08   @` " 6&?d   a-.17*   @` # 6&? d  o-.34***   @` $ 6t&?   o-.43***   @` % 64&?   dNegative     @` & 6&?M  n.42***   @` ' 6&?M  n.47***   @` ( 6T&?  n.27***   @` ) 6&?d   n.39***   @` * 6&?d  n.32***   @` + 6t&?  n.45***   @` , 64&?  dPositive     @` - 6'?M V   @` . 6D '?M V   @` / 6 '? V   @` 0 6!'?d  V   @` 1 6d!'?d  V   @` 2 6!'? V   @` 3 6"'? {General Wellbeing&   @` 4 <"'?M  ASR b8F   @` 5 <#'?M NeedSat b8 F    @` 6 <$'?  ASR b8F   @` 7 <$'?d  NeedSat b8 F    @` 8 <$%'?d   ASR b8F   @` 9 <%'? NeedSat b8 F     @` : 6D&'? V   @``B ; 0o ?`B < 0o ?`B = 0o ?`B > 0o ?`B ? 0o ?d `B @ 0o ?`B A 0o ?d `B B 0o ?`B C 0o ?`B D 0o ? `B E 0o ? `B F 0o ? `B G 0o ?  `B H 0o ? `B I 0o ?  `B J 0o ? `B K 0o ?  `B L 0o ? `B M 0o ? ZB N s *1 ?ZB O s *1 ?  ZB P s *1 ?H  0޽h ? ̙33C CCPaaC(    6&'  fPredicting Trait Residuals from Autonomy Support within Relationships for China, Russia, and the U. S.gFg  g AF '  '  6''? ' *p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001 a Significant interaction of need satisfaction by gender, M>F b Significant interaction of need satisfaction by gender, F>M.   = =   @`  6d''?   d.49***   @`  6''?p    d.42***   @`  6$('? p  d.40***   @`  6('?   dOpenness     @`   6)'?P   g .11, n.s.     @`   6*'?p P   d.32***   @`   6d*'?P p   d.30***   @`   6$+'?P   mConscientiousness   @`   6+'? P  d.59***   @`  6t%?p P  d.50***   @`  6%? p P  d.42***   @`  6%? P  i Agreeableness   @`  6%?   d.70***   @`  6T%?p   d.49***   @`  6%? p  d.54***   @`  6t%?   h Extraversion     @`  6%?   e-.83***   @`  64%?p   e-.56***   @`  6%? p  e-.45***   @`  6T%?   g Neuroticism     @`  6%?,   X   @`  6 %?p ,   X   @`  6t %?, p  X   @`  6 %?,   pFather&   @`  64 %?c,  d.45***   @`  6 %?p c,  .28***b4    @`  6 %?cp ,  d.37***   @`   6 %?c,  dOpenness     @` ! 6 %?c c.24**   @` " 6t %?p c d.25***   @` # 6 %?p c .29***a4    @` $ 6 %?c mConscientiousness   @` % 6 %? d.53***   @` & 6T%?p  d.36***   @` ' 6%?p  d.38***   @` ( 6!? i Agreeableness   @` ) 6!? d.51***   @` * 6t!?p  d.45***   @` + 6Ԡ!?p  d.37***   @` , 6!? h Extraversion     @` - 6!?? e-.70***   @` . 6T!?p ? e-.49***   @` / 6!??p  -.40***b4     @` 0 6ԣ!?? g Neuroticism     @` 1 64!?v? V   @` 2 6!?p v? V   @` 3 6!?vp ? V   @` 4 6T!?v? pMother&   @` 5 <!?v Autonomy Support *F   @` 6 <Ԧ!?p v Autonomy Support *F   @` 7 <!?p v Autonomy Support 6F   @` 8 6!?v V   @` 9 6!? y United States(    @` : 6!?p  rRussia(   @` ; 6t!?p  qChina(   @` < 6ԩ!? V   @``B = 0o ?`B > 0o ?''`B ? 0o ?`B @ 0o ?`B A 0o ?p `B B 0o ?v`B C 0o ?p `B D 0o ?`B E 0o ?v`B F 0o ?v?`B G 0o ?v?`B H 0o ??`B I 0o ??`B J 0o ?`B K 0o ?`B L 0o ?`B M 0o ?`B N 0o ?c`B O 0o ?c`B P 0o ?c, `B Q 0o ?c, `B R 0o ?, `B S 0o ?,  `B T 0o ? `B U 0o ?  `B V 0o ?DocumentSummaryInformation8dCurrent User/ `B W 0o ?  `B X 0o ? P `B Y 0o ? P `B Z 0o ?P  `B [ 0o ?P  `B \ 0o ? `B ] 0o ?  `B ^ 0o ? '`B _ 0o ? 'ZB ` s *1 ?vvZB a s *1 ?  H  0޽h ? ̙33   z0))( @ p x  c $t'  {P Zv Pj S Pj {P4 " HԄ'?Pj Note. All numbers are beta coefficients. Autonomy and competence needs were entered simultaneously when predicting each of the attachment variables. a Controlling for main effect of gender; * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001 *     @` " H4'?   a.14   @` " H'?  d.41***   @` " HT'?P  nOther Adult Figure   @` " H'?    a.09   @`  " H'?   d.52***   @`  " Hԇ'?P  dRoommate     @`  " H'?    t .20*a(     @`  " H'?   d.35***   @`  " H'?P  g Best Friend     @` " H'? s   a.13   @` " Ht'? s   d.55***   @` " H4'?Ps  lRomantic Partner   @` " H'? Os  h .26***     @` " HT'? O s  d.47***   @` " H'?PO s  bFather   @` " Hd'? *O h .42***     @` " H'? * O d.35***   @` " H$'?P* O bMother   @` " H'? * h Competence     @` " H(?  * g Autonomy      @` " Hd(?P * }Relationship Target&   @` " H$(?  |Overall Security(   @` " N(?P  V   @`lB " <o ?PfB " 61 ?PfB " 61 ?P**fB " 61 ?POOfB  " 61 ?Ps s fB !" 61 ?P  fB "" 61 ?P  fB #" 61 ?P  fB $" 61 ?PlB %" <o ?PjjlB &" <o ?PPjfB '" 61 ?  lB (" <o ?jfB )" 61 ?  H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.}@)  6.( @ p `  c $A ??0P &  0$ nWithin-Person Relations Between Need Supports and Relationship Functioning in Chinese, Russian and U.S Samples*o " 2n o H  0޽h ? ̙33 0(`( @ p   04!  (tSelf-determination theory: Areas of Empirical Inquiry Basic Research: Intrinsic Motivation: Cognitive Evaluation Theory Internalization: Organismic Integration Theory Well Being: Hedonic versus Eudaimonic Processes Culture and Gender: Universal Needs versus Culturally Specific or Gender Specific Motives Materialism and other Extrinsic Life Goals: Acquisition and Effects Mindfulness and its relations to self-regulation and well-being Applied Research : Psychotherapy: Treatment Motivation, Maintenance and Transfer of Gains Education: Motivational Dynamics behind interest and performance Health Care: Adherence and Compliance to medical regimens Sport and Exercise Motivation Organizational Behavior and Performance; Managerial Climate Cultural and Religious Internalization and Motivation Political Activation and Identification Environmental Footprints and Consumer Behaviors pu " 25p     H  0޽h ? ̙33p  p( @ p x  c $!p {P H  0޽h ? ̙33 8( @ p R  0! B  NBoth ordinary people and people of quality& suppose that living well and doing well are the same thing as being happy. But they are in dispute about what happiness actually is, and ordinary people do not give the same answer as intellectuals. 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